Edward Glaeser and Ming Lu, 2018, "Human Capital Externalities in China," NBER Working Paper, w24925.

ABSTRACT

This paper provides evidences of heterogeneous human-capital externality using CHIP 2002, 2007 and 2013 data from urban China. After instrumenting city-level education using the number of relocated university departments across cities in the 1950s, one year more city-level education increases individual hourly wage by 22.0 percent, more than twice the OLS estimate. Human- capital externality is found to be greater for all groups of urban residents in the instrumental variable estimation.

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http://www.nber.org/papers/w24925